Ko te nuinga o te wā, ko te pirau o te PVC i ahu mai i te pirau o ngā ngota chlorine hohe i roto i te ngota i raro i te whakamahana me te hāora, ka hua ake te hanga o te HCI. Nō reira, ko ngā mea whakaū wera PVC he matū e taea ai te whakaū i ngā ngota chlorine i roto i ngā ngota PVC me te aukati, te whakaae rānei ki te tukunga o te HCI. I whakarōpūtia e R. Gachter me ētahi atu ngā pānga o ngā mea whakaū wera hei ārai me te whakaora. Ko te mahi a te mea tuatahi he mimiti i te HCI, he whakakapi i ngā ngota chlorine kore pumau, he whakakore i ngā pūtake mura, me te aukati i te waikura aunoa. Ko te mahi a te mea whakamutunga he tāpiri atu ki te hanganga polyene, he tauhohe ki ngā wāhanga kore-mākū i roto i te PVC, me te whakangaro i ngā warowaihā. Ina koa, penei:
(1) Mimihia te HC1 i tangohia mai i te PVC hei aukati i tana mahi whakakorikori-ā-ia-anō. Ka taea e ngā hua pēnei i ngā tote mata, ngā hopi konganuku waikawa waro, ngā matū organotin, ngā matū epoxy, ngā amine, ngā alkoxide konganuku me ngā phenols, me ngā thiol konganuku katoa te tauhohe ki te HCI hei aukati i te tauhohenga de HCI o te PVC.
Me (RCOO) 2+2HCI MeCl+2RCOOH
(2) Whakakapia, whakakorea rānei ngā āhuatanga kore pumau pērā i ngā ngota hauota allyl, ngā ngota hauota waro tuatoru rānei i roto i ngā ngota PVC, ā, whakakorea te pūwāhi tīmatanga o te tango HCI. Mēnā ka hono ngā ngota tine o ngā kaiwhakaū tine waro ki ngā ngota hauota kore pumau o ngā ngota PVC, ā, ka hono ngā ngota whanariki i roto i te tine waro ki ngā ngota waro e rite ana i roto i te PVC, ka whakakapia ngā ngota whanariki i roto i te tinana taunga ki ngā ngota hauota kore pumau. Ina kitea te HC1, ka wehea te here taunga, ā, ka piri pūmau te rōpū hydrophobic ki ngā ngota waro i roto i ngā ngota PVC, ā, ka ārai i ngā tauhohenga atu o te tango HCI me te hanganga o ngā here takirua. I roto i ngā hopi whakarewa, ko te hopi konutea me te hopi kohua te tauhohenga whakakapinga tere rawa atu ki ngā ngota hauota kore pumau, ko te hopi barium te mea puhoi rawa atu, ko te hopi konupūmā te mea puhoi rawa atu, ā, ko te hopi mata kei waenganui. I taua wā anō, he rerekē ngā taumata o te pānga catalytic o ngā hauota whakarewa i hangaia ki te tango i te HCI, ā, ko tō rātou kaha e whai ake nei:
Ka tāpirihia te ZnCl>CdCl>>BaCl, CaCh>R2SnCl2 (3) ki ngā hononga takirua me ngā hononga takirua honohono hei ārai i te whanaketanga o ngā hanganga polyene me te whakaiti i te tae. He hononga takirua ngā tote waikawa kore mākū, ngā matatini rānei, ka pāngia e te tauhohenga tāpiri diene me ngā ngota PVC, ka whakararu i tō rātou hanganga honohono me te aukati i te huringa tae. Hei tāpiri, ka haere tahi te hopi whakarewa me te whakawhiti hononga takirua i te wā e whakakapi ana i te allyl chloride, ka pakaru te hanganga polyene, ā, ka aukati i te huringa tae.
(4) Hopukia ngā rauropi kore utu hei ārai i te waikura aunoa. Mena ka taea e te tāpiri i ngā whakaū wera phenolic te aukati i te tangohanga o te HC1, nā te mea ka taea e ngā rauropi kore utu ngota hauwai e whakaratohia ana e ngā phenols te hono atu ki ngā rauropi kore utu macromolecular PVC kua pakaru, ka hanga he matū kāore e taea te tauhohe ki te hāora, ā, he pānga whakaū wera hoki. Ka taea e tēnei whakaū wera te whai i tētahi, i ētahi rānei pānga.
Wā tuku: Maehe-29-2024
